(Polish_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_0a)=
# Polish MFA dictionary v2.0.0a

``````{dictionary} Polish MFA dictionary v2.0.0a
:id: "Polish MFA dictionary v2_0_0a"
:tags: Polish;MFA;IPA
:language: "Polish"
:dialect: N/A
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/polish/mfa/v2.0.0a/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```


   ```{admonition} G2P models
   * {ref}`polish_mfa_g2p_model_v2_0_0a`
   ```


   ```{admonition} Acoustic models
   * {ref}`polish_mfa_acoustic_model_v2_0_0a`
   ```

``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/polish/mfa/v2.0.0a/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Dental
  - Alveolar
  - Retroflex
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 34991
        * Examples
          * pijam: [p ʲ   i   j   a   m]
          * matka: [m   a   t ̪   k   a]
          * domy: [d ̪   ɔ   m   ɨ]
          * zms: [z ̪   ɛ   t ̪   ɛ   m   ɛ   s ̪]
      * mʲ
        * Occurrences: 10573
        * Examples
          * ćmię: [t ɕ   m ʲ   ɛ]
          * ominą: [ɔ   m ʲ   i   n ̪   ɔ ̃]
          * sumik: [s ̪   u   m ʲ   i   k]
          * łamią: [w   a   m ʲ   ɔ ̃]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n̪
        * Occurrences: 59597
        * Examples
          * łowny: [w   ɔ   v   n ̪   ɨ]
          * dona: [d ̪   ɔ   n ̪   a]
          * malin: [m   a   ʎ   i   n ̪]
          * pełna: [p   ɛ   w   n ̪   a]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɲ
        * Occurrences: 30442
        * Examples
          * unię: [u   ɲ   ɛ]
          * błądź: [b   w   ɔ   ɲ   t ɕ]
          * manil: [m   a   ɲ   i   l]
          * waleń: [v   a   l   ɛ   ɲ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 2016
        * Examples
          * sęku: [s ̪   ɛ   ŋ   k   u]
          * pałąk: [p   a   w   ɔ   ŋ   k]
          * tęgim: [t ̪   ɛ   ŋ   ɟ   i   m]
          * tonga: [t ̪   ɔ   ŋ   ɡ   a]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 37180
        * Examples
          * stup: [s ̪   t ̪   u   p]
          * gapę: [ɡ   a   p   ɛ]
          * ślepo: [ɕ   l   ɛ   p   ɔ]
          * lampy: [l   a   m   p   ɨ]
    * voiced
      * b
        * Occurrences: 16242
        * Examples
          * ebc: [ɛ   b   ɛ   t ̪ s ̪   ɛ]
          * błędy: [b   w   ɛ   n ̪   d ̪   ɨ]
          * rębem: [r   ɛ   m   b   ɛ   m]
          * boki: [b   ɔ   c   i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t̪
        * Occurrences: 45446
        * Examples
          * efd: [ɛ   t ̪]
          * trupę: [t ̪   r   u   p   ɛ]
          * joint: [d ʐ   ɔ   j   n ̪   t ̪]
          * klatę: [k   l   a   t ̪   ɛ]
    * voiced
      * d̪
        * Occurrences: 25313
        * Examples
          * rudek: [r   u   d ̪   ɛ   k]
          * żmuda: [ʐ   m   u   d ̪   a]
          * itd: [i   ɛ   t ̪   ɛ   d ̪   ɛ]
          * medya: [m   ɛ   d ̪   ɨ   a]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * c
        * Occurrences: 9388
        * Examples
          * kinie: [c   i   ɲ   ɛ]
          * lotki: [l   ɔ   t ̪   c   i]
          * pyski: [p   ɨ   s ̪   c   i]
          * gryki: [ɡ   r   ɨ   c   i]
    * voiced
      * ɟ
        * Occurrences: 1794
        * Examples
          * gięta: [ɟ   ɛ   n ̪   t ̪   a]
          * giś: [ɟ   i   ɕ]
          * progi: [p   r   ɔ   ɟ   i]
          * giża: [ɟ   i   ʐ   a]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 41335
        * Examples
          * krach: [k   r   a   x]
          * obrok: [ɔ   b   r   ɔ   k]
          * łatek: [w   a   t ̪   ɛ   k]
          * cox: [t ̪ s ̪   ɔ   k   s ̪]
    * voiced
      * ɡ
        * Occurrences: 18555
        * Examples
          * gras: [ɡ   r   a   s ̪]
          * gleb: [ɡ   l   ɛ   p]
          * gdzie: [ɡ   d ʑ   ɛ]
          * agory: [a   ɡ   ɔ   r   ɨ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʔ
        * Occurrences: 190
        * Examples
          * deem: [d ̪   ɛ   ʔ   ɛ   m]
          * groom: [ɡ   r   ɔ   ʔ   ɔ   m]
          * zoo: [z ̪   ɔ   ʔ   ɔ]
          * osp: [ɔ   ʔ   ɛ   s ̪   p   ɛ]
    ```
* - {manner}`Affricate`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t̪s̪
        * Occurrences: 20532
        * Examples
          * plac: [p   l   a   t ̪ s ̪]
          * lisic: [ʎ   i   ɕ   i   t ̪ s ̪]
          * cenny: [t ̪ s ̪   ɛ   n ̪   ɨ]
          * car: [t ̪ s ̪   a   r]
    * voiced
      * d̪z̪
        * Occurrences: 2172
        * Examples
          * rdzak: [r   d ̪ z ̪   a   k]
          * widzą: [v ʲ   i   d ̪ z ̪   ɔ ̃]
          * rdzą: [r   d ̪ z ̪   ɔ ̃]
          * jędzę: [j   ɛ   n ̪   d ̪ z ̪   ɛ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tɕ
        * Occurrences: 16256
        * Examples
          * błoci: [b   w   ɔ   t ɕ   i]
          * boleć: [b   ɔ   l   ɛ   t ɕ]
          * troić: [t ̪   r   ɔ   i   t ɕ]
          * idź: [i   t ɕ]
    * voiced
      * dʑ
        * Occurrences: 4469
        * Examples
          * idźmy: [i   d ʑ   m   ɨ]
          * dziwą: [d ʑ   i   v   ɔ ̃]
          * dziw: [d ʑ   i   f]
          * ludzi: [l   u   d ʑ   i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s̪
        * Occurrences: 41120
        * Examples
          * wons: [v   ɔ ̃   s ̪]
          * small: [s ̪   m   a   l]
          * muras: [m   u   r   a   s ̪]
          * płuca: [p   w   u   t ̪ s ̪   a]
    * voiced
      * z̪
        * Occurrences: 22303
        * Examples
          * nazad: [n ̪   a   z ̪   a   t ̪]
          * zaraz: [z ̪   a   r   a   s ̪]
          * razom: [r   a   z ̪   ɔ   m]
          * zatoń: [z ̪   a   t ̪   ɔ   ɲ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʂ
        * Occurrences: 21501
        * Examples
          * poncz: [p   ɔ   n ̪   t ʂ]
          * krzew: [k   ʂ   ɛ   f]
          * czerń: [t ʂ   ɛ   r   ɲ]
          * część: [t ʂ   ɛ ̃   ɕ   t ɕ]
    * voiced
      * ʐ
        * Occurrences: 12050
        * Examples
          * żeru: [ʐ   ɛ   r   u]
          * liczb: [ʎ   i   d ʐ   b]
          * smaży: [s ̪   m   a   ʐ   ɨ]
          * wiążą: [v ʲ   ɔ ̃   ʐ   ɔ ̃]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ɕ
        * Occurrences: 13344
        * Examples
          * śliz: [ɕ   ʎ   i   s ̪]
          * gryźć: [ɡ   r   ɨ   ɕ   t ɕ]
          * tulić: [t ̪   u   ʎ   i   t ɕ]
          * truś: [t ̪   r   u   ɕ]
    * voiced
      * ʑ
        * Occurrences: 2009
        * Examples
          * zioła: [ʑ   ɔ   w   a]
          * zimą: [ʑ   i   m   ɔ ̃]
          * luźna: [l   u   ʑ   n ̪   a]
          * dziś: [d ʑ   i   ɕ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 13914
        * Examples
          * swadą: [s ̪   f   a   d ̪   ɔ ̃]
          * swaci: [s ̪   f   a   t ɕ   i]
          * flame: [f   l   a   m   ɛ]
          * wirów: [v ʲ   i   r   u   f]
      * fʲ
        * Occurrences: 3132
        * Examples
          * figle: [f ʲ   i   ɡ   l   ɛ]
          * sufin: [s ̪   u   f ʲ   i   n ̪]
          * zofio: [z ̪   ɔ   f ʲ   ɔ]
          * paofi: [p   a   ɔ   f ʲ   i]
    * voiced
      * v
        * Occurrences: 34940
        * Examples
          * wannę: [v   a   n ̪   ɛ]
          * sowy: [s ̪   ɔ   v   ɨ]
          * david: [d ̪   a   v ʲ   i   t ̪]
          * wodzą: [v   ɔ   d ̪ z ̪   ɔ ̃]
      * vʲ
        * Occurrences: 12904
        * Examples
          * zjawi: [z ̪   j   a   v ʲ   i]
          * will: [v ʲ   i   l]
          * wikło: [v ʲ   i   k   w   ɔ]
          * zwowi: [z ̪   v   ɔ   v ʲ   i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ç
        * Occurrences: 708
        * Examples
          * hiena: [ç   j   ɛ   n ̪   a]
          * hieny: [ç   j   ɛ   n ̪   ɨ]
          * hip: [ç   i   p]
          * mehir: [m   ɛ   ç   i   r]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * w
        * Occurrences: 28966
        * Examples
          * kołom: [k   ɔ   w   ɔ   m]
          * płowy: [p   w   ɔ   v   ɨ]
          * bąkał: [b   ɔ   ŋ   k   a   w]
          * kłamu: [k   w   a   m   u]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 29624
        * Examples
          * japa: [j   a   p   a]
          * yunga: [j   u   n ̪   ɡ   a]
          * wyjdź: [v   ɨ   j   t ɕ]
          * kulej: [k   u   l   ɛ   j]
      * j̃
        * Occurrences: 1609
        * Examples
          * pińsk: [p ʲ   i   j ̃   s ̪   k]
          * tańsi: [t ̪   a   j ̃   ɕ   i]
          * mińsk: [m ʲ   i   j ̃   s ̪   k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Trill`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * r
        * Occurrences: 51802
        * Examples
          * ubiór: [u   b ʲ   u   r]
          * sarną: [s ̪   a   r   n ̪   ɔ ̃]
          * sary: [s ̪   a   r   ɨ]
          * berom: [b   ɛ   r   ɔ   m]
      * rʲ
        * Occurrences: 1119
        * Examples
          * furię: [f   u   r ʲ   j   ɛ]
          * arimr: [a   r ʲ   i   m   a   a   r]
          * bric: [b   r ʲ   i   t ̪ s ̪]
          * morin: [m   ɔ   r ʲ   i   n ̪]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * l
        * Occurrences: 23475
        * Examples
          * lewo: [l   ɛ   v   ɔ]
          * mdlą: [m   d ̪   l   ɔ ̃]
          * alpin: [a   l   p ʲ   i   n ̪]
          * meblu: [m   ɛ   b   l   u]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ʎ
        * Occurrences: 9589
        * Examples
          * pliva: [p   ʎ   i   v   a]
          * litwa: [ʎ   i   t ̪   f   a]
          * glino: [ɡ   ʎ   i   n ̪   ɔ]
          * elitę: [ɛ   ʎ   i   t ̪   ɛ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

#### Oral Vowels

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 54912
        * Examples
          * szui: [ʂ   u   i]
          * nanic: [n ̪   a   ɲ   i   t ̪ s ̪]
          * pośli: [p   ɔ   ɕ   ʎ   i]
          * wbił: [v   b ʲ   i   w]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɨ
        * Occurrences: 57047
        * Examples
          * gdyż: [ɡ   d ̪   ɨ   ʂ]
          * ludy: [l   u   d ̪   ɨ]
          * ewy: [ɛ   v   ɨ]
          * śluzy: [ɕ   l   u   z ̪   ɨ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * u
        * Occurrences: 41247
        * Examples
          * kubić: [k   u   b ʲ   i   t ɕ]
          * stój: [s ̪   t ̪   u   j]
          * umarł: [u   m   a   r   w]
          * różne: [r   u   ʐ   n ̪   ɛ]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɛ
        * Occurrences: 106485
        * Examples
          * wyże: [v   ɨ   ʐ   ɛ]
          * berom: [b   ɛ   r   ɔ   m]
          * rudek: [r   u   d ̪   ɛ   k]
          * ranę: [r   a   n ̪   ɛ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ɔ
        * Occurrences: 111013
        * Examples
          * dorsz: [d ̪   ɔ   r   ʂ]
          * słabą: [s ̪   w   a   b   ɔ ̃]
          * sopel: [s ̪   ɔ   p   ɛ   l]
          * broda: [b   r   ɔ   d ̪   a]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * a
        * Occurrences: 131778
        * Examples
          * tran: [t ̪   r   a   n ̪]
          * wais: [v   a   i   s ̪]
          * oblak: [ɔ   b   l   a   k]
          * wpana: [f   p   a   n ̪   a]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


#### Nasal Vowels

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɛ̃
        * Occurrences: 1311
        * Examples
          * gałęź: [ɡ   a   w   ɛ ̃   ɕ]
          * węchu: [v   ɛ ̃   x   u]
          * mężom: [m   ɛ ̃   ʐ   ɔ   m]
          * mężów: [m   ɛ ̃   ʐ   u   f]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ɔ̃
        * Occurrences: 9073
        * Examples
          * żną: [ʐ   n ̪   ɔ ̃]
          * dziką: [d ʑ   i   k   ɔ ̃]
          * stają: [s ̪   t ̪   a   j   ɔ ̃]
          * cofną: [t ̪ s ̪   ɔ   f   n ̪   ɔ ̃]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````